Social Changes

Questions:

1. Nineteenth century novels can, for the most part, be considered very reliable primary documents. Although they are not extremely specific they have an "atmosphere and accuracy of detail which make them historical records of the first importance."

2. Life for a middle class Russian Landowner was not bad. They lived in a calm, not poor, but not rich, society, alongside their families. Everything was pretty good and there was no extreme poverty for those who owned land.

3. The life-style for Consul Tienappel was very rich and has very high standards. He owned and sold alot of land and was able to invest in several joint-stock companies, therefore making him rather wealthy.

4. The French working class lived in very close quarters and had many duties pushed upon them. This caused very much stress upon the working class. Their houses were not in the greatest conditions but yet not as bad as others throughout Europe.

5. Saying furniture was a luxury in Ireland during the 19th century is an understatement because there were only "10 beds for nine thousand people."

6. The British peoples rapid spread across the country caused suburbs to spring up. They stayed away from major industrialization in cities. The suburbs were generally occupied by the wealthy and the merchants.

7. In the middle and upper class there were entirely different forms of diets. Neither was healthy but they were completely opposite. The poor and middle class could often not afford good foods and ate "black bread and cabbage," while the upper class ate as the French did. This consisted of several different meals throughout the day with several different courses in each.

8. The role of most European females in 1870 was a career position which was deemed appropriate for women. These consisted of nurses, teachers, and secretaries.

9. The decline in family sizes during the last half of the nineteenth century was largely due to the lack of family time. Females began to switch from house careers to actual jobs which caused more time away from the family. Men usually worked long hours every day and it largely limited the house life.

10. Social and economic changes improved women's lives by allowing them much more freedom in society. Instead of being labeled as house wives and mothers, they were then aloud to work in more professional settings and had access to more education.

11. Newspaper production was brought down by taxes, along with censoring that the government imposed. Therefore they were less accurate and less affordable.

12. The right of freedom of press aloud for the mass circulation of newspapers. Also the reduced newspaper prices made them more available to the general public.

13. The increased interest in spectator sports and other leisure activities was most likely brought about by a general comfort in the progression of the country. As urbanization and industrialization began to settle in, many felt more comfortable in their lifestyles and were better off.