New Imperialism

Questions:

1. The European powers were greatly expanded due to their economic motives. They constantly found that neighboring countries and continents had very useful resources. In order to expand, it was necessary to take over these countries and take what they had. As Americans we called it ‘manifest destiny.’

2. The term “the scramble for Africa” meant that the European powers realized the value of Africa and went to take control of it and make use of it. Also, several claimed parts of it by making treaties with African chieftains. These however, were not really valid, seeing as parts were dually claimed and purchased by different European countries.

3. European imperial expansion should not be explained only in economic terms, or else the value of human nature and greed playing a part in it would be lost.

4. The major powers acquired new colonies between 1870 and 1890 to try and become more powerful than their rivalries. They grasped onto any country with raw materials and resources. This way they could expand their markets and economy.

5. “New Imperialism” was a nicer way to say that there was a major race for power and this meant taking over countries to use their resources.

6. The first theory states that the purpose for expansion was merely due to the race for power. The second however, states that the reason for the expansion was the overpopulation of these major powers.

7. After 1880 the “scramble for Africa” continued because it was “necessary” to civilize the Africans and conform them to a specific set of beliefs and customs in order to make the colonization complete.

Nationalism in Nineteenth Century Germany

Questions:

1. Due to the rise in newspaper production, as well as the increase in literacy across Europe, military affairs were weighed in on severely by the public’s opinion. The idea of militarism caused all public issues to be put in to the hands of the government, which was intertwined with the peoples. Therefore, the public’s opinion had great influence on military affairs.

2. Industrialization during the time had a huge impact on the nature of warfare. It produced many technological developments in the areas of communication and arms which created a more organized and more affective army. It also caused places to become more, “urbanized” which led to the increase of literacy and more people reading about military affairs in the newspapers. This caused a fear of bad conduct in war to be published and scare or anger the general population. Therefore, the nature of warfare was more organized and more deadly, yet had a fear of being ashamed by the public.

Nationalism & Militarism

Questions:

1. Due to the rise in newspaper production, as well as the increase in literacy across Europe, military affairs were weighed in on severely by the public’s opinion. The idea of militarism caused all public issues to be put in to the hands of the government, which was intertwined with the peoples. Therefore, the public’s opinion had great influence on military affairs.

2. Industrialization during the time had a huge impact on the nature of warfare. It produced many technological developments in the areas of communication and arms which created a more organized and more affective army. It also caused places to become more, “urbanized” which led to the increase of literacy and more people reading about military affairs in the newspapers. This caused a fear of bad conduct in war to be published and scare or anger the general population. Therefore, the nature of warfare was more organized and more deadly, yet had a fear of being ashamed by the public.

War In The Industrial Age

*i attempted to sign on and when it didn't work repeatedly i wrote out the answers, i hope these are still acceptable

Questions:

1.Kings tried to return their armies to a more traditional role by making them "smaller professional armies, consisting of long-term troops and aristocratic officers." This meant that they were only allowing upper class members of society to fight. Therefore not everyone could serve to protect their country. As well as that if you were in the army you had to stay in it for a very long time.

2.Mass production along with improved technologies and "more effective communications" were major developments in military and non-military technology. The means of mass production meant that weapons could be made consistantly and at a more effective rate, while improved technologies meant that they were deadlier. As for communications, they aided in allowing troops to establish communication from the battlefield to the base.

3.The technologies which improved the rifle were:
*The percussion cap - a more efficent way of igniting the gun powder than the flint
*The minie bullet - a grooved bullet which had more accuracy and range due to it's build
*Breech-loading - a faster way of loading the gun by a break in the stock

4. The firepower of artillery was increased by the same methods of breech-loading which were used on the rifle. Because of this, artillery was made into rifled guns which were simplified versions of the regular artillery, but more effective.

5. Railroads aided in:
*moving troops from one place where needed to the next
*allowing constant supplies (weapons and ammunition)
*supplying more troops to battlefields
*less work for the troops instead of walking to their field and tiring out
*quick removal of the wounded and dead

6. The telegraph helped generals in battle by allowing instant sending of urgent messages to base. However, if one was to want to communicate with another set of troops, the use of a messanger or another way of communcation was necessary.